Paramiacis

Paramiacis ("near Miacis") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe from middle to late Eocene.[6][7] Species P. exilis and P. teilhardi were long believed to be a same species (P. exilis), with differences that were only represented as an example of sexual dimorphism.

Paramiacis
Temporal range: middle to late Eocene
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Pan-Carnivora
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Clade: Carnivoraformes
Genus: †Paramiacis
Mathis, 1985[1]
Type species
†Paramiacis exilis
Filhol, 1876
Species
  • †P. exilis (Filhol, 1876)[2]
  • †P. teilhardi (Mathis, 1987)[3]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • P. exilis:
    • Cynodictis exilis (Filhol, 1876)
    • Miacis exilis (Teilhard, 1888)
  • P. teilhardi:
    • Miacis exilis (Guth, 1964)[4]
    • Miacis exilis forme A (Teilhard, 1915)[5]
    • Paramiacis exilis (Mathis, 1985)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Paramiacis are shown in the following cladogram:[8][9][10][11]

 Carnivoramorpha 
 †Viverravidae 

†Viverravoidea

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 ? 

†Ravenictis

 sensu lato 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

 ? 

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

 ? 

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

 Carnivoraformes 
 Clade "B" 

†Eogale

†"Miacis" sp. (CM 67873 & CM 77299)

†Gracilocyon igniculus

†Gracilocyon winkleri

†Gracilocyon solei

 †Gracilocyon

†Gracilocyon sp. (Jibou, Romania)

†Gracilocyon rosei

†Gracilocyon rundlei

 †Paramiacis 

†Paramiacis exilis

†Paramiacis teilhardi

†Paramiacis sp. (Creechbarrow)

†Paroodectes

 †Oodectes jepseni 

 †Oodectes 

 †Oodectes herpestoides 

 †Oodectes proximus 

 †Oodectes pugnax 

 †Uintacyon hookeri 

 †Uintacyon rudis 

 †Uintacyon 

 †Uintacyon massetericus 

 †Uintacyon vorax 

 †Uintacyon asodes 

 †Uintacyon edax 

 †Uintacyon acutus 

 †Uintacyon jugulans 

 †Uintacyon gingerichi 

†Xinyuictis

†Zodiocyon

†Miocyon

†Simamphicyon

 †Uintacyon sp. (USGS 1983) 

†Messelogale

†Quercygalidae

 Clade "C" 

†Palaearctonyx

 (†Phlaodectes) 

†Vulpavus ovatus

†Vulpavus profectus

†Vulpavus australis

†Vulpavus canavus

†Vulpavus completus

 †Vulpavus

†Vulpavus farsonensis

†Vulpavus palustris

†Vassacyon

†Dormaalocyon

†"Miacis" exiguus

†"Miacis" deutschi

†Africtis

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B

†Dawsonicyon

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†"Miacis" latidens

†"Miacis" petilus

 ? 

†Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A

†Miacis

 Clade "D" 

†Lycarion

†"Miacis" hargeri

 ? 

†Ceruttia

†"Miacis" invictus

†"Miacis" lushiensis

†Neovulpavus

†Harpalodon

†Procynodictis

†Prodaphaenus

 ? 

†Walshius

†"Miacis" gracilis

†Tapocyon

Carnivora (sensu stricto)

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes
clade
†Vulpavus clade
 (Carnivora [sensu lato]) 

See also

References
  1. Christian Mathis (1985.) "Contribution à la connaissance des Mammifères de Robiac (Éocène supérieur): Creodonta et Carnivora" in Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris
  2. H. Filhol (1876.) "Mammifère fossiles nouveaux provenant des dépôt de phosphate de chaux du Quercy." Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 82(1):288-289
  3. Christian Mathis, (1987.) "Précisions sur le genre Paramiacis Mathis (Carnivora, Miacidae)" in Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris
  4. Guth, Chr. (1964). "A Propos de Miacis Exilis des Phosphorites du Quercy". Mammalia. 28 (2). doi:10.1515/mamm.1964.28.2.359. S2CID 85058218.
  5. Teilhard de Chardin, P. (1915) "Les carnassiers des phosphorites du Quercy" Annales de Paléontologie, 9, 101–192
  6. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  7. Solé, Floréal (2014). "New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes". Palaeontology. 57 (5): 963–978. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57..963S. doi:10.1111/pala.12097. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 129314381.
  8. Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
  9. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
  10. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
  11. Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74.
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