Take the example of the concept of 'femininity':
An existentialist thinker might suggest the meaning of femininity is completely subjective and one must decide the meaning of femininity for themselves in a completely absurd world with absolutely no pre-given meanings.
However an alternate view is that, historically only the female can become pregnant and give milk (undertake the role of motherhood), and the mother would be best having traits such as nurturing/loving/gentle. So here the biology is associated with the social role which is associated with the traits. Now while motherhood is a state of vulnerability, it would mean males would best undertake the role of provider/protector and best have traits such as resilience, perhaps even a bit of strength to face dangers/threats. Thus the biology-social role-traits here are linked.
So proceeding from this view, femininity becomes a concept that links female(biology)-social role(mother)-traits(such as gentleness) together, and masculinity becomes a concept that links male(biology)-provider/protector(social role)-traits(such as strength/courage) together.
We also might with technology, one day be able to make pregnant males, so the argument defending this arrangement cannot be one of necessity, it must come from defending the this arrangement having cultural/historical meaning then.
So in conclusion, are there philosophers who defend/explore drawing the essence/meaning of social identities from a historical-cultural background roughly as what I have described? Are there philosophers who defend the importance of culture/history giving us meaning in our lives?
P.S. Perhaps even an idea that Culture/History is the starting point of all value/meaning in life
