Questions tagged [epistemology]

Epistemology is the study of knowledge, acquisition thereof, and the justification of belief in a given claim.

Epistemology is a study of knowledge and belief that complements formal, propositional logic.

  • This field of inquiry delves into what knowledge is and what it can't be
    • Epistemology seeks to understand the relationship of things we claim to know to things we think we know, but may be mistaking 'unjustified belief' for 'knowledge'
    • Typically this will deal with the content of a belief, not the claim directly
  • It further explores what methods we use to accumulate knowledge
    • Epistemic evaluation of the rationale for collecting knowledge is based on understanding what methods and data support a given claim
    • Typically this will deal with the type of research
  • Epistemology also seeks out how to evaluate the weight given to claims of knowledge
    • Frequently, one will see qualifications like "Justified True Belief" (JTB) and similar measures of a claim's epistemic status under some scope of certainty
    • Typically this will deal with the type of claim

Questions for Philosophy Stackexchange that are tagged with should indicate the specific thread of epistemological inquiry is involved with a given area. For instance, check out the emboldened key words as they flag what the question is asking:

By which methods is it possible to evaluate a claim about a teapot in a place that neither I, nor any other person, nor any possible current technology can access? What kinds of claims to knowledge can be made about such a teapot? How can these types of claims and the consequent claims be exported to a conversation about something else?

  • When answering questions in this vein try to stick to the key word and answer in line with it. Try to outline the secondary expectations for the given area.

  • When editing a question that is embedded with epistemic assumptions, refer back to these key words to straighten it up for more rigorous answers.

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Was mathematics invented or discovered?

What would it mean to say that mathematics was invented and how would this be different from saying mathematics was discovered? Is this even a serious philosophical question or just a meaningless/tautological linguistic ambiguity?
Ami
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How does one know one is not dreaming?

How does one know one is not dreaming? How could one logically demonstrate to a skeptic that one is "really" there, awake and not just dreaming about the entire situation/world around him? What I'm asking is: which if any philosophers have addressed…
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What would it take in a book to convince a rational person that it had been written by or directly inspired by a god?

Many of the world's religions are based on a book or text that adherents claim to have been written by or directly inspired by a god, perhaps omniscient, omnipotent and omnibenevolent. My question is whether there is anything, in principle, that…
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Could 'cogito ergo sum' possibly be false?

I've heard it postulated by some people that "we can't truly know anything". While that does seem to apply to the vast majority of things, I can't see how 'cogito ergo sum' can possibly be false. No matter what I am, no matter in what way I'm…
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How can an uneducated but rational person differentiate between science and religion?

I recently found myself unable to respond to the statement "But the big bang theory is just another creation myth!" during a science vs. religion argument. I found it very difficult to explain the difference between the big bang theory and creation…
Alexander S King
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Is the "omniscient-omnipotent-omnipresent" definition of God consistent?

God is commonly defined as an omniscient (infinite knowledge), omnipotent (unlimited power), omnipresent (present everywhere) entity. Is there any logical inconsistency in this definition? I have seen several paradoxes like below Does God know what…
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Why aren't creationism and natural science on the same intellectual level?

In the infamous creation museum a strategically very shrewd exhibit, where a scientist and a biblical scholar both study the same fossils, is being presented: The sign says “different scientists can reach very different conclusions, depending on…
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Why do I accept some inconsequential claims as "obviously true" without evidence? E.g. "Most people don't like to be hit on the head with a hammer."

There are certain claims that I accept as obviously true without (much) evidence. For example: Most people don't like to be hit on the head with a hammer. Donald Trump ate dinner some time last week. There has yet to be a whale on the moon. I…
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What basis do we have for certainty in current scientific theories?

Given there is much past scientific belief that we now know NOT to be true, what basis do we have for the seemingly increasing certainty in our scientific beliefs held today being true? On the one hand, we prize Popperian falsifiability and yet…
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Fallacy by Sherlock Holmes 'Eliminate the impossible, and what remains must be the truth'

In The Sign of Four, Holmes asks Watson: "How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?" This may be valid in principle, but it certainly carries the risk of a…
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What should philosophers know about math and natural sciences?

My question is whether a lack of knowledge about formal mathematics or theoretical science in general would have an impact on a philosopher's ability to think and make judgments. Why should a philosopher acquire a deeper understanding of natural…
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Fundamental idea on proving God's existence with science

I think that proving God's existence or any deity from any culture with the rigors of science is fundamentally absurd. The popular arguments usually involve space-time and the big bang theory. (I have a layperson's understanding of those ideas).…
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To what extent do we choose our beliefs?

Are we free to choose our beliefs? Or is our belief in a proposition something that is thrust upon us by the weight of the evidence we have in favor and against the truth of it? For example, is it possible to choose to believe something one finds…
JDH
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Are Methodological Assumptions of StackExchange Fundamentally Flawed?

I looked here for an answer while writing a paper on evidence and scientific inference. I then saw the bold claims made by the website that the process goes as follows: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and…
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What are the philosophical implications of Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem?

Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem states Any effectively generated theory capable of expressing elementary arithmetic cannot be both consistent and complete. In particular, for any consistent, effectively generated formal theory that…
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