Okay, leave the screws alone. No worries and relax.
May I?
If the OSb has been covered with whatever, carpet or some other sheeting. Just remove them, if not covered... it is a home run for you.
Here it is.
The screws will not hurt the integerity of an entire sheet, no way, no how, no problems. That is right. It hurts a spot in your mind only.
All you do is simply drive new screws say 1" to 1 1/2" away from each screws that you so much stressed about my friend.
Hell you can even take those rascal screws out and maybe you can give them a new home elsewhere.
They won't care either way. I would just leave them in their comfort zone and no need to even cover the top of them with whatever putty or caulking. That is right.
Typically whatever things go on top of subflooring will either be some other form of sheeting or some sort of underlayment. This means you won't feel little spots from above walking on your floor. I know what thought may arise in the mind. Now that thought has been put to rest too. And that is the full picture and the entire story.
[ Oh by the way, you go to hardware store and purchase drywall screw driver or some other form of driver that sets the screws just right for you, from 1/16-1/8 inch deep and become a happy camper. They are cheap. this way you won't get all stressed about anything going too deep or not deep enough.
As then all you have to focus on is driving them screws. That is right.]
You are in good hands.
You take care.