Electricity is not a cornucopia. In order to support a large load, you need the equipment to be in place to provide the capacity.
You need to start with a NEC Article 220 Load Calculation on your house, and ask the electric company what your service size is in amps. Divide the Load Calculation's VA figure by 120V to give the amps of service you need for that load.
Service Size - Load Calculation = amps to spare for EV charging
Breaker the EV circuit for that.
Fortunately, EV charging isn't overly concerned with voltage. The car knows how to charge at both 120V and 240V. Most likely, the Tesla Wall Connector will power up and work on 120V.
What's essential is communicating the correct charge current to the EV. You set that while Commissioning the Tesla Wall Connector.
Now if the Tesl Wall Connector won't accept 120V, then we can trick the little portable travel charger with a custom adapter cable and the correct dongle for your amps - NEMA 5-20 for 20A,
Obviously it will charge at half the speed using 120V instead of 240V. But this is your reality, unless you are willing to order a larger electric service from the utility.
If you're trying to do this with the portable travel EVSE, forget it, the best you can do is get the NEMA 5-20 dongle and charge at 16A (1920VA). That's weak tea.
I want to charge my Tesla which needs 240V at 40 amps (4 prong plug).
EVs don't need 240V. They can charge at a huge variety of amp currents. It's programmable.
You're trying to use the little travel charger, forget it, that's not gonna work. Get a Wall Connector.
I have access to the meter and want to run two hot from the one hot at the meter and one neutral and ground to a new breaker box.
Will this give me the 240V 40amps I need to charge my Tesla?
That would be an epic waste of money. You are better off spending that money paying for bigger electric service.