Review of Periodicals

present exciting and dividing both great political parties. It is too early to make any certain forecast of a situation which will depend on factors still unrevealed. But it is at least clear already—if only from the very significant speech made by Lord Lansdowne on July 16tn—that towards the end of the present year the Constitution of these islands will be subjected to a very severe, possibly a breaking, strain. . . . "The House of Lords must either reject the Finance Bill completely or leave it completely alone. The only possible policy within the Constitution is that of rejection. But that, as we have seen, would reduce the adminis tration of the country to chaos, and is not therefore, as Lord Salisbury clearly perceived in 1894, a policy which can be regarded as practicable or possible by any responsible politician." The opposite view is expressed in:— "The House of Lords and the Budget." By J. A. R. Marriott. Nineteenth Century, v. 66, p. 195 (Aug.). "Weakened by the unfortunate predomi nance of the hereditary element within its walls, rendered unnecessarily timid by the narrowness of the basis on which its position theoretically rests, the English House of Lords has allowed many of its unquestioned rights to fall into practical desuetude. But it is slowly awakening to the important function which it may legitimately perform in the modern democratic state. . . . They can and ought to see to it that no measure of first-rate importance, involving the acceptance of new and unsanctioned principles, shall find a place on the statute book before the will of the electorate has been unmistakably and deliber ately expressed." See Administrative Law, Election Laws> History, Legislative Procedure, Property and Contract, Race Problem, South African Union. History. "The South Carolina Federalists, II." By Ulrich B. Phillips. American His torical Review, v. 14, p. 731 (July). "To the Republicans of 1801 the historical Republican doctrines were little more inter esting than the last year's almanacs. . . . The Jeffersonians had adopted the Federalist policies, and the South Carolina Federalists were drawn more and more into harmony with them and out of sympathy with the filibustering New Englander. . . . The Fed eralist party in the state was practically dead by 1812. The old Federalist policies, how ever, championed as they were by the new generation of leaders in spite of their repudia tion of the party name and alignment, con tinued to control the state till about 1827." Immigration. "Protect the Workman." By John Mitchell. Outlook, v. 93, p. 65 (Sept. 11). "If we are going to regulate immigration at all, we should prescribe by law definite conditions, the application of which would result in securing only those immigrants

517

whose standards and ideals compare favor ably with our own. To that end wageearners believe:— "First: That, in addition to the restrictions imposed by the laws at present in force, the head tax of four dollars now collected should be increased to ten. "Second: That each immigrant, unless he be a political refugee, should bring with him not less than twenty-five dollars, in addition to the amount required to pay transportation to the point where he expects to find employ ment. "Third: That immigrants between the ages of fourteen and fifty years should be able to read a section of the Constitution of the United States, either in our language, in their own language, or in the language of the country from which they come. Insanity. See Penology. Labor Problem. "The Causes of Unem ployment." By H. Stanley Jevons. Con temporary Review, v. 96, p. 165 (Aug.). "Several writers have succeeded in connect ing periodic variations of the weather directly with economic statistics. Bruckner has been, perhaps, the most successful, for he gives good evidence by taking five-yearly averages, that harvests, wheat prices, and the course of trade in grain, vary synchronously with rain fall in a period of about thirty-five years. . . . H. H. Clayton, of the Blue Hill Observatory, finds that commercial panics in the United States have occurred either during, or shortly after, periods of deficient rainfall in the Ohio Valley." "The Best Way to Prevent Industrial War fare." By Charles W. Eliot, LL.D. McClure's, v. 33, p. 515 (Sept.). "The chief feature of the beneficent Canadian Act called the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act was the requirement that, in the event of a dispute arising in any in dustry known as a public utility, it should be illegal to resort to a strike or lockout until the matters in dispute had been made the subject of an investigation before a Board of Conciliation and Investigation to be estab lished under specified rules by the Canadian Minister of Labor. "During the two years from March 22, 1907, to the end of March, 1909, fifty-five applications were received for the appoint ment of Boards, under which forty-nine Boards were set up. "There were two cases in which strikes were not averted or ended. Only two cases, there fore, out of fifty-five ultimately resulted in strikes, these two strikes being in perfect accordance with the wise terms of the Act, which permit owners to lock out their men and workmen to strike after the public inves tigation has been completed and its results published." See Immigration. Legal History (Wales). "The Laws of Howel the Good." Con