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78

AVERAGE VALUES IN A CANONICAL

or since by (218)
(231)

In precisely the same way we may obtain for the potential energy

(232)

By successive applications of (231) we obtain

where represents the operator . Similar expressions relating to the potential energy may be derived from (232).

For the kinetic energy we may write similar equations in which the averages may be taken either for a single configuration or for the whole ensemble. But since

the general formula reduces to
(233)
or
(234)
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