Title Africa by Élisée Reclus/Volume 3
Author Élisée Reclus
Translator A. H. Keane
Year 1892
Publisher D Appleton and Sons
Location New York, New York
Source djvu
Progress To be proofread
Transclusion Index not transcluded or unreviewed
Volumes

Volumes
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3
Volume 4

Images
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3
Volume 4

Pages   (key to Page Status)   

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CONTENTS.


chap. page
I. The Central and South Atlantic 1
The Fabled Atlantis, p. 1. Relief of the Atlantic, p 2. The Azorian Waters, p. 4 Atmospheric Currents of the Azorian Basin, p. 10. Marine Currents, p. 12. Fauna, the Sargasso Sea, p. 14. The Guinea Waters, p. 15. Atmospheric Currents, Rainfall. Salinity, p. 19. Temperature, Fauna, p. 21.
II. The West African Islands 23
The Azores, p. 23. Climate, p. 25. Flora, p. 26. Fauna, Inhabitants, p. 29. Topography, p. 33. Madeira, p. 43. Climate, p. 47. Flora, p. 48. Fauna, Inhabitants, Pp. The Canary Archipelago, p. 54. Climate, p. 68. Flora, Fauna, Inhabitants, p. 5961. Topography, 63. Administration, p. 81. The Cape Verd Archipelago, p. 82. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 84 — 85. Inhabitants, p. 86. Topography, p.88. Administration, p. 94.
III. The South-West African Islands 96
112. Fernando-Po, p. 113.
IV. North Senegambia: Senegal 119
General Survey, p. 119. Progress of Discovery, p. 120. The Futa-Jallon Highlands, Pp. 123. The Senegambian Seaboard, p. 124. Political and Social Relations, p. 126. Senegal Basin, p. 128. The Senegal Delta, p. 182. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p 134 — 137. Inhabitants, p. 138. Trade, Agriculture, Mineral Resources, p. 161 — 153. Topography, p. 157. Administration, p. 167.
V. South Senegambia 171
Gambia, p.171. Flora, Fauna, Inhabitants, p. 173-174. Topography, p. 176. Administration, p. 178. Casdmanza Basin, p. 178. Portuguese Possessions, p. 182. The Rio Grande and Bissagos Archipelago, p. 184. The South Senegambian Rivers, p. 190. The Los Island, p. 192. Sierra-Leone, p 197. Climate, p. 200. Inhabitants, p. 203. Topography, Administration, p. 210 — 211.
VI. Upper Guinea 212
Liberia, p. 212. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 215-218 Inhabitants, p. 218. Topography, Administration, p. 223-227. Ivory Coast, p. 229. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p 231. Inhabitants, p. 233. The Gold Coast and Volta Basin, p. 235. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 239 — 240. Inhabitants, p. 240. Topography, p. 247. Agriculture, Industries, Trade, p 255. The Slave Coast, p. 266. Inhabitants, p. 260. Togo, p 265. Popo, p es Dahomey, p. 267. Porto-Novo, p. 269. Badagry and Lagos, p. 270. Yoruba, p. 272.
VII. The Niger Basin 275
General Survey, p. 275 Progress of Discovery, p. 276. The Upper and Middle Niger, p-281. The Benue, p 284. The Niger Delta, p. 287. The Upper Niger States, p. 288, Inhnbitants, p. 291. Topography, p. 292. The Middle Niger States, p. 299. Topography, Timbuktu, p. 302. Haussa Land, p 306. Inhabitants, p. 309. Topography, p. 313. Administration, p. 323. The Benue and Lower Niger States, p. 324. Topography, p. 332. Bonny and Calabar, p. 338.
VIII. The Tsad Basin 342
General Survey, p. 342. Lake Tsad, p. 344. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 349. Wadai p. 352. Topography and Administration, p. 353. Kanem, p 364. Bornu, p. Inhabitants, p. 358. Topography, p. 361. Administration, p. 364. Baghirmi, p. 365. Administration and Topography, p. 367.
IX. The Cameroons 369
General Survey, p. 369. Rivers, p. 373. Climate, Flora, Fanna, p. 374. Inhabitants, p. 875. Topography, p. 380.
X. The Gabon and Ogoway Basins. 384
Spanish, French, and Portuguese Possessions, p. $84. Physical Features, Rivers, p. 386. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 391 — 392. Inhabitants, p. 304. Topography, p. 402.
XI. The Congo Basin. 411
General Survey, p. 411. The Tchambesi and Lake Bangweolo, p. 416. Lake Moero, p. 419. Kamolondo Basin, p. 419. Lake Tanganyika and the Upper Congo, p. 420. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 436 — 437. Inhabitants, p. 439. The Congo Free State, p. 443. Lua-Pula and Lua-Laba Basins, p. 444. Kissinga, and the Muata Kazembe's Kingdom, p. 446, The Msiri's Kingdom, Garangaja, p. 448. The Rua Kingdom, p. 449. Tanganyika and Muta N'zige States, p. 431. The Middle Congo, p. 460. The Welle Basin, Monbuttu, and Niam-Niam Territories, p. 465. The French Congo, p. 474. The Kassai Basin, p. 481. The Kwango Basin, p. 492. The Lower Congo, p. 495.
Statistical Tables 503
Index 505

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS.

page page
1. The Canary Islands 56 4. Cameroons Mountains and Bight of Biafra 368
2. The Lower Senegal 128 5. The Gaboon 384
3. The Lower Niger 320 6. The Lower Congo 496

PLATES.

Women and Children of Porto-Grande Frontispiece
Lake of the Sete Citades To face page 36
Madeira: View taken on the North Coast 44
Funchal, East View 52
General View of Porto-Grande, St. Vincent Island 90
Tristam da Cunha: View taken on the North Coast 98
Toucouleur Types: the Interpreter Alpha-Sega and his Sisters 150
Jamestown, St. Helena 104
Goree: Landing-Stage and Fort 160
Kayes Railway Station 162
Felup Types 180
Bujago Types and Termites' Nest 188
Kroomen 216
The King of Assini 232
The Bar at the Mouth of the Volta 240
Cape Coast: Seaward View 248
Porto Novo: Group of Natives 268
Young Bambaras 292
Fillani or Fulah Types To face page 298
Nupé Woman 336
Barge on the Old Calabar River 340
Group of Kanem-bu Warriors 356
The Logon-Bimi: General View 364
Palace of the Sultan of Masseña 366
The Fetish Stones of Samba, on the Ogoway 388
Mpongwe House near Libreville 394
Fan Women and Child, banks of the Ogoway 398
American Mission on the Ogoway between Njolé and Lambaréné 404
The Traveller Giraud amid the Reeds of Lake Bangweolo 418
The Yellala Falls, Lower Congo 430
View taken at Ujiji 456
Stanley Falls: Fishing at the Seventh Cataract 462
Akka Man and Woman 468
Group of Ka-Lundas 484
Stanley Pool: View taken from Brazzaville 498
General View of Boma 500

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fig. Page
1. Cape Sam Lourenço, Eastern Headlands of Madeira 3
2. Depths of the Azorian Atlantic 6
3. Fall of the Temperature in Deep Water 9
4. Temperature of the Deep Waters on either side of the Strait of Gibraltar 10
5. Atlantic Winds and Currents 13
6. Depths of the South African Atlantic 16
7. Mean Annual Direction of the Winds in the South African Atlantic 18
8. Summer Winds in the South African Atlantic 19
9. Currents of the South Atlantic and Lines of Icebergs 20
10. Volcanic Axis of the Azores 24
11. Island of San-Miquel — View taken in a Garden near Ponta-Delgada 28
12. Women of Fatal and San-Miquel 31
13. San-Miguel 34
14. Val das Furnas 35
15. Sete Cidades 36
16. Ponta-Delgada 38
17. Central Islands of the Archipelago 39
18. Corvo 42
19. Archipelago of Madeira 45
20. Eastern Peninsula of Madeira 46
21. Madeira — View taken from Mount Sam-Jorge 49
22. Dracona of Icod, in Teneriffe 50
23. Funchal and Socorridos Valley 53
24. Teyde Peak 53
25. General View of Santa Cruz, Teneriffe 65
26. Recent Lavas of Lanzarote 67
27. Cirque of Tejeda 70
28. North-East Slope of Gran Canaria 71
29. Las Palmas and Port of La Luz 72
30. Peak of Teyde, Teneriffe — View taken From the Canadas of the Guanches 74
31. Northern extremity of Teneriffe 76
32. Gomera 77
33. Palma 78
34. Hierro. 80
35. Cape Verd Islands 83
36. Santo-Antam and Sam-Vicente 89
37. Part of the Volcanic Plateaux in Santo-Antam 90
38. Praia 93
39. Tristam da Cunha 98
40. St. Helena 102
41. Ascension 107
42. Sam-Thome 109
43. Cascade of Blu-Blu, on the Ago Grande, near the Capital of Sam-Thome 110
44. Femando-Po 115
45. Bay of Santa-Isibel 116
46. View on the Bakhoy Ford of Mokao Fara 122
47. Geological Map of Senegambia 126
48. Confluence of the Bafing and Bakhoy 129
49. The Felu Falls 130
50. Floods of the Senegal 132
51. Bars of the Senegal from 1825 to 1884 133
52. Baobab on the Kotubadinta River South-West of Bamaku 136
53. Trarza Type 139
54. Natural Divisions of Senegambia 140
55. Chief Nations and Tribes of Senegambia 141
56. Wolof Girl, Sixteen Years of Age 144
57. Serer Youth, Twenty-One Years Old 145
58. Distribution of the Fulahs in West Africa 146
59. Fulah Type 152
60. Mineral Regions of Bambuk 152
61. Trade Routes and Projected Railways in Senegal 154
62. The Bifoulabe Railway 156
63. Saint-Louis in 1700 157
64. Saint-Louis in 1880 158
65. Gulf and Island of Arguin 159
66. Rufisque 161
67. Bafulabe 163
68. Rock of Kita 164
69. Village of Bufulabe 165
70. Timbo and the Sources of the Bafing 166
71. Medina — General View 168
72. Political Divisions of French Senegambia 169
73. Sources of the Dimma and Comba 172
74. Bathurst and Entrance of the Gambia 176
75. Tribes of the Casamanza 180
76. Valley of the Tomine 183
77. Bissagos Archipelago 185
78. Landscape in Guine: View Taken Near Bolama 187
79. Tribes of the Casamanza 189
80. The Los Islands 192
81. Rivers of the South 195
82. Inhabitants of the Rivers of the South 196
83. Peninsula of Sierra-Leone 199
84. Freetown 201
85. Territory of the Western Mandingans in Sierra-Leone 204
86. Inhabitants of Sierra-Leone 205
87. Freetown 208
88. Sawpit Bay, near Freetown 209
89. Territorities annexed to the Colony of Monrovia 213
90. Monrovia and Cape Mensurado 214
91. Chief Routes of Explorers in Liberia 216
92. Territory of the Kroomen 219
93. Inhabitants of Liberia 221
94. Robertsport and Fisherman's Lake 222
95. Monrovia and the Lower St. Paul River 224
96. Grand Bassa and Mouth of the St. John 225
97. Cape Palmas 226
98. Cape Palmas 228
99. Ditch of Little Bassam 229
100. Assini 231
101. Women of Grand Bassam 232
102. Agni Type 234
103. Routes of Chief Explorers North and East of Cape Coast 236
104. The Lower Volta 238
105. Route from Accra to Coomassi 244
106. Gold Coast Possessions and Surrounding Districts 245
107. Inhabitants of the Gold Coast and Surrounding Districts 246
108. General View of Elmina 249
109. From Accra to the Sanatorium of Abouri 251
110. Abetifi Mountains 253
111. Mouths of the Volta 254
112. Shore-line East of Lagos 258
113. Lagos — European Quarters 259
114. Inhabitants of the Slave Coast 261
115. A Mohammedan Yoruba Trader 263
116. Inland Scenery, Slave Coast 264
117. Togo District 266
118. Dahomey and Ajuda Coast 268
119. Lagos 270
120. Rock of Abeokuta 273
121. Hypotheses of the Old Geographers on the Course of the Niger 277
122. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Niger Basin West of the Benue 278
123. The Tembi-Kundu Hill and Source of the Niger 279
124. Upper Niger Valley 280
125. Backwaters South of Timbuktu 282
126. The Burum Defiles 283
127. The Bussa Rapids 284
128. Confluence of the Niger and Benue 285
129. Cofluence of the Kwara (Nlger) and Benue 286
130. Mouths of the Nun and Brass 287
131. Ancient Empire of the Toucouleurs 289
132. Inhabitants of the Upper Niger 290
133. Interior of a Bambara House 291
134. The Dio Watershed between the Niger and Senegal 293
135. Cascade near Bamaku 294
136. Bamaku 295
137. Segu 296
138. Sansandig 297
139. The Hombori Mountains 300
140. Timbuktu 301
141. El-Haj Abd-el-Kader, Envoy of Timbuktu 302
142. The Races of West Africa 305
143. Sokoto: View taken in the Interior 307
144. Range of Mohammedanism in Central Africa 310
145. A Sokoto Fulah — Brother of the Sultan 311
146. Inhabitants of Haussa 312
147. Katsena and Dankama 314
148. Kano 315
149. Plan of Sokoto and Map of Haussa, drawn by Sultan Bello 316
150. Wurno: View taken in the Interior 317
151. Gando and Sokoto 318
152. Rabba 320
153. Bida and Kaduna 321
154. Egga 322
155. The Upper Benue 325
156. Mac-Iver Peak 326
157. Chief Routes of Explorers East of the Benue 328
158. Riverain Populations of the Benue and Lower Niger 329
159. Languages of the Benue and Lower Niger 331
160. Yola 333
161. View taken in Demsa Poha 334
162. Yakoba and Mount Saranda 335
163. Dwellings in Nupé 336
164. Idda 337
165. Onitcha 338
166. Bonny and New Calabar 339
167. Old Calabar and Oyono 340
168. Routes of Explorers in Tsad Basin 343
169. Shores of Lake Tsad 345
170. Lake of Tuburi 346
171. The Ba Busso, or Eastern Shari, at Miskin, South-East of Lagon 347
172. Tsad and Bahr El-Ghazal 348
173. View taken on the Banks of the Shari 350
174. Inhabitants of Kanem 355
175. Inhabitants of Bornu 359
176. Kuka 361
177. The Mora Mountains 363
178. Massena and East Baghirmi 368
179. View taken at the foot of the Cameroons 370
180. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Cameroons 372
181. The Lobé Falls 374
182. Tribes of the Cameroons 377
183. Victoria 381
184. Victoria and Bimbi 382
185. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Gaboon and Ogoway Basins 385
186. Confluence of the Komo and Ramboé 387
187. Supposed Course of the Ogoway before the late discoveries 388
188. The Ogoway and Zonengway 390
189. Lines of Equal Cloudiness in Africa 391
190. Inhabitants of the Gaboon and Ogoway Basins 395
191. Fan Woman 396
192. The Banya Lagoon and Ba-Lumbo Country 399
193. A Cabinda 401
194. Corisco Bay 403
195. Elobey Islands 404
196. Libreville and Mouth of the Gaboon 405
197. Ma-Poko Falls on the Upper Ogoway 406
198. Franceville 407
199. Mouth of the Kwilu 408
200. Portuguese Possessions North of the Congo 409
201. Africa, according to Homann, in 1711 412
202. Congo Basin as traced by Stanley after crossing the Continent 414
203. Congo Basin as known in 1887 415
204. Chief Routes of Modern Explorers in, the Congo Basin 416
205. Lake Bangweolo, according to Livingstone 417
206. Lake Bangweolo, according to Giraud 418
207. Lake U-Nyamezi, according to Erhardt and Rebmann 420
208. Lake Tanganyika 421
209. View taken from Mpala, on the West Coast of Tanganyika 422
210. The Lu-Kuga before the Flush 424
211. The Congo and U-Banghi Confluence 426
212. The U-Banghi : View taken at the Nkunjia Station 427
213. The Congo Falls below Stanley Pool 429
214. Last Rapids of the Congo 430
215. The Devil's Cauldron 431
216. The Congo Bar 432
217. Lines of Navigation surveyed in the Congo Basin 434
218. Forests of the Parallel Affluents of the Kassai 438
219. Bangala, a Station of the Independent Congo State 442
220. Zone Open to Free Trade in the Congo Basin 443
221. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Upper Congo Basin 445
222. Bunkeya and the Copper Mine Region 447
223. Lake Bangweolo and the Lower Lua-Laba according to Livingstone 448
224. Chief Tribes in the Upper Congo Basin 450
225. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Congo Basin East of Tanganyika 452
226. The Lu-Kuga Emissary of Tanganyika 453
227. Tabora and Gonda 455
228. Inhabitants of the Tanganyika Basin 456
229. Ujiji and the Malagarazi 457
230. Karema and Mpimbwe 458
231. Ma-Rungu Fetishes 459
232. Kavala Archipelago 460
233. Tippo-Tip 461
234. Stanley Falls 462
235. Under Chief of Iboko and Head Chief of the Ba-Ngala 463
236. Ba-Ngala Station. 465
237. Chief Routes of Explorers in Monbuttu Land 466
238. A Monbuttu Woman 467
239. Inhabitants of the Welle Basin 469
240. Niam-Niam Woman 471
241. Niam-Niam Man 472
242. Group of Niam-Niams and their Dwellings 473
243. Upper Welle Basin 474
244. Dead Trunks of Palms nee M'sula on the Congo 478
245. Inhabitants of the French Congo 479
246. Chief Routes of Explorers in the Kassai Basin 482
247. Ba-Songe Villages 483
248. Large States in the Congo Basin 486
249. Land of Friendship 488
250. Inhabitants of the Kassai Basin 490
251. Confluence of the Cambo and Kwango 492
252. Residence of the Muene Puto, Kassongo 493
253. Density of the Population in the Congo Basin 494
254. African Explorations since 1875 495
255. Stanley Pool 496
256. Old and New Vivi 497
257. Boma 498
258. Port of Banana 499
259. Kakongo Type 501
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