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These ideas might be true/false, but people just assume them. An example would be: you need some kind of money/currency for a civilization to be functional.

Ashnur
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  • why not just call those "assumptions"? –  Jul 20 '14 at 21:26
  • sure, that fits, I just thought that this is a very specific form of it, which I imagined would've been researched already, thus having some more specific terminology. After all, most assumptions are not shared between all people, and do not live for thousands of years. – Ashnur Jul 20 '14 at 22:02
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    "Ideas which are commonly held without justification or questioning" hehe, that describes most of the ideas anyone holds. Very rarely do you have cast iron irrefutable proof of anything you think is true. You only start expecting justification when you disagree. If you agree, you just accept. If you disagree, your standard of proof suddenly skyrockets or you simply dismiss or ignore. – AndrewC Jul 20 '14 at 23:20
  • Because people have very high standards of proof for things they _don't_ initially agree with, they wrongly assume they were very careful, rigorous and skeptical before accepting _everything_ they believe and see themselves as very logical, rational or empirical. This is a commonly held fallacy. Imagine your least favourite political group were in charge for the last 5 years and your friend tells you "68% of households actually became _worse_ off in the last 4 years". What if it said better, not worse? The truth is that you probably decide whether to believe it or not without moving a muscle. – AndrewC Jul 20 '14 at 23:43
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    Conventional wisdom? Common knowledge? – user4894 Jul 21 '14 at 00:25
  • What is "proper" justification/questioning? Seems like wars could be fought over that. – Michael Gazonda Jul 21 '14 at 02:40
  • @MGaz it's 2 different things. By justification I meant explanations, teachings, pointing out examples. Basically anything which would give a basis to it. Not necessarily true, but justified. For example for me the statement "there exists an omnipotent God" is false, but justified. However the statement "country borders do good for everyone" I think is also false, but it's not justified, but people believe it. Questioning is easier. It's just what it is, when people believe something without asking questions first. – Ashnur Jul 21 '14 at 06:58
  • @AndrewC I agree with you, but I think you misunderstood me. Maybe you could help me rephrase my original question to be clearer? I meant ideas which are commonly held. So, the term should describe something which holds the following characteristics at the same time: 1. it is an idea, even if it has physical consequences 2. it is generally believed by most people to the degree that if you challenge it, you are seen as obnoxious 3. it is not explained or justified in any way (maybe some prof wrote a book about it which was read by 30 people) 4. (almost) no one questions it – Ashnur Jul 21 '14 at 08:05
  • @Ashnur Sorry if I came across as critical - your question is fine. I think your point number 3 is the key - this explanation and justification isn't part of the decision process for most people most of the time, whether it exists or not. – AndrewC Jul 22 '14 at 17:43
  • This question seems better suited for http://english.stackexchange.com/. – Malcolm Jul 22 '14 at 19:09

4 Answers4

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There are quite a few terms; I originally phrased my question What is an “unarticulated background”? to as for other terms. Here are the terms I've discovered so far:

  1. "tacit knowledge"
  2. "unarticulated background"
  3. "form of life"
  4. "social fact"/"taken-for-grantedness"
  5. "collective unconscious"/"collective representation"
  6. "context"
  7. "rule"

I particularly suggest looking at social fact, it comes from the sociology of knowledge, which began to exist in its current form after Berger and Luckmann published The Social Construction of Reality.

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labreuer
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These could be referred to variously as common knowledge, common sense, assumptions, conventional wisdom and various other terms, depending on the correctness or otherwise that you are ascribing/insinuating of them.

For instance, if you wish to imply that something without known proof is true, you may choose to state that "it is common knowledge that...", but to imply that you believe an assumption is false you may choose "it is conventional wisdom that ..." . All such arguments encourage the listener to proceed without explicit proof, and should in such a case be carefully scrutinised.

Peter
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  • Thank you, although not what I expected, but the term "conventional wisdom" fits what I was looking for. – Ashnur Jul 20 '14 at 22:28
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Looking for specific term to describe those ideas which are commonly held without proper justification or questioning? What about "putative"?

jimpliciter
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Two words in the English language accurately describe any belief, confidence or trust in a person, object, religion, idea or view despite the absence of proof. Those words are faith and prejudice.

Whereas the word "faith" carries a positive conotation and the word "prejudice" carries a negative conotation, both represent the same fundamental concept.

Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.

-- Albert Einstein

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John Slegers
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